In propria persona is a Latin phrase meaning “for one’s self.” The phrase is used for a person who appears before a court or represents themself in absence of a lawyer. It is synonymous with the term pro se. It must be noted that only individuals are legally allowed to appear in propria persona; even though a corporation is to be treated as a natural person, it is barred from appearing in propria persona. See for example, Osborn v. Bank of US, 22 U.S. 738, wherein it was held that a corporation “must always appear by attorney, either to institute or defend a legal proceeding.It cannot appear in person, and it can only constitute an attorney by written power, under its common seal.”
When a non-lawyer files their own legal papers, that party is expected to write the shorthand, “in pro per” under their name in the heading on the first page.
THE 10 MAXIMS OF COMMERCIAL LAW 1. A workman is worthy of his hire. 2. All are equal under the law. 3. In commerce, truth is sovereign. 4. Truth is expressed in the form of an affidavit. 5. An unrebutted affidavit stands as truth in commerce. 6. An unrebutted affidavit becomes judgment in commerce. 7. A matter must be expressed to be resolved. 8. He who leaves the field of battle first loses by default. 9. Sacrifice is the measure of credibility. 10. A lien or claim can be satisfied only through (a) rebuttal by counter affidavit point by point; (b) resolution by a jury; or (c) payment or performance of the claim.
THE 10 MAXIMS OF COMMERCIAL LAW 1. A workman is worthy of his hire. 2. All are equal under the law. 3. In commerce, truth is sovereign. 4. Truth is expressed in the form of an affidavit. 5. An unrebutted affidavit stands as truth in commerce. 6. An unrebutted affidavit becomes judgment in commerce. 7. A matter must be expressed to be resolved. 8. He who leaves the field of battle first loses by default. 9. Sacrifice is the measure of credibility. 10. A lien or claim can be satisfied only through (a) rebuttal by counter affidavit point by point; (b) resolution by a jury; or (c) payment or performance of the claim.
This book is a public collection of the four original documents in the founding of the United States of America and include, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutions, and the Bill of Rights. Combined these documents are excellent primary historical sources for the American Revolution and the formation of the new republican state.
The Declaration of Independence, The Bill of Rights
This book is a public collection of the four original documents in the founding of the United States of America and include, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutions, and the Bill of Rights. Combined these documents are excellent primary historical sources for the American Revolution and the formation of the new republican state.