Clearfield Doctrine


“Governments descend to the Level of a mere private corporation, and take on the characteristics of a mere private citizen…where private corporate commercial paper [Federal Reserve Notes] and securities [checks] is concerned. … For purposes of suit, such corporations and individuals are regarded as entities entirely separate from government.”

– Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States 318 U.S. 363-371 (1942)

“When governments enter the world of commerce, they are subject to the same burdens as any private firm or corporation”
– U.S. v. Burr, 309 U.S. 242
See: 22 U.S.C.A.286e, Bank of U.S. vs. Planters Bank of Georgia, 6L, Ed. (9 Wheat) 244; 22 U.S.C.A. 286 et seq., C.R.S. 11-60-103

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